Pet Health
Your Cat's Vaccinations Explained: Core vs. Non-Core
Does your indoor cat really need shots? This guide explains the essential vaccines every cat needs and the optional ones based on their lifestyle.
Vaccinations are a cornerstone of modern veterinary medicine, providing a safe and effective way to protect your cat from a host of serious and contagious diseases. For a new kitten, a proper vaccination schedule is the most important step you can take to ensure a healthy start in life. For adult cats, boosters are key to maintaining that protection. This guide, based on recommendations from the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP), will help you understand the "why" and "what" of feline vaccinations.
Core Vaccines: Essential for All Cats
Recommended for every cat, everywhere, including indoor-only cats.
These vaccines protect against diseases that are severe, widespread, and easily transmissible. Even an indoor cat can be exposed.
Rabies
A fatal viral disease that affects the nervous system and is transmissible to humans. The rabies vaccine is legally required in most regions for all cats, including indoor-only ones.
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Herpesvirus)
A major cause of upper respiratory infections in cats, leading to sneezing, conjunctivitis, and nasal discharge.
Calicivirus
Another highly contagious virus that causes upper respiratory infections and oral disease, including painful ulcers on the tongue.
Panleukopenia (Feline Distemper)
A very severe and often fatal virus, especially in kittens, that attacks the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, and bone marrow.
The three viral diseases are typically combined into a single injection called the FVRCP or "feline distemper" shot.
Non-Core Vaccines: Based on Lifestyle
Your vet will recommend these based on your cat's individual risk.
These vaccines are for diseases your cat might be exposed to based on their environment and habits (e.g., if they go outside).
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
A deadly retrovirus that weakens the immune system, leading to cancers and other fatal diseases. It is spread through close contact (e.g., saliva, mutual grooming). The AAFP recommends this vaccine for all kittens, with booster decisions for adults based on lifestyle (i.e., if they go outdoors or have contact with other cats of unknown status).
Chlamydia Felis
A bacterial infection that primarily causes severe, chronic conjunctivitis (eye infections). Recommended for cats in multi-cat households or catteries where the infection is known to be present.
Bordetella
A bacterial cause of upper respiratory infections, similar to kennel cough in dogs. Recommended only in high-risk environments like shelters or some catteries.
Your Veterinarian is Your Partner
This guide provides general information. The best vaccination protocol for your cat depends on their age, health history, and specific lifestyle. Always work with your veterinarian to create a tailored health plan. They are your best resource for ensuring your feline companion lives a long, protected, and healthy life.